Appendicitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch-like organ located in the lower right abdomen. Appendicitis typically occurs when the appendix becomes blocked, often due to the buildup of fecal matter, foreign objects, or swollen lymph nodes. This blockage leads to bacterial overgrowth, infection, and subsequent inflammation. General surgeons are skilled in diagnosing and performing appendectomies, which involve the removal of the inflamed appendix.

General surgeons treat conditions such as gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis). Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. Gallstones can develop when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up bile, a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. General surgeons may perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder.

A hydrocele is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the sac surrounding the testicle. This sac, called the tunica vaginalis, normally contains a small amount of fluid that helps cushion and protect the testicle. However, in cases of hydrocele, this fluid buildup becomes excessive, leading to swelling and enlargement of the scrotum. Hydroceles are often painless and can occur on one or both sides. They may result from various factors, including injury, infection, or an imbalance in the production and drainage of fluid. General surgeons are specialized in diagnosing and treating hydroceles, that may require surgical intervention, known as a hydrocelectomy, to remove the excess fluid and repair the affected area.

General surgeons are experienced in operating different types of hernias, including inguinal (groin), umbilical (belly button), and incisional hernias. Surgical repair involves reinforcing the weakened abdominal wall to prevent the protrusion of organs or tissues. During hernia repair surgery, the protruding organ or tissue is placed back into its proper position, and the weakened muscle or tissue is reinforced or repaired. In many cases, hernia repair can be done using minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic surgery, which involves making small incisions and using specialized instruments and a camera to guide the repair. This approach often results in faster recovery and less postoperative pain compared to open surgery.